It probably traveled a long way to get thereâabout 1,500 miles, on average.1 In fact, your dinner has probably seen more of the world than you have: the average American meal contains â¦. Resilient Cities Shaping a Digital World At an urban scale the resilience of cities will be determined both by their ability to maintain essential assets, and ensure access to services and functions that ⦠Additionally, Urban Policy measures that can be implemented to support the proposed Urban and Landscape design intervention are recommended. 0000001866 00000 n I argue, based on this overview, that for the concepts sustainability and resilience and the proposed SDG goal to become truly relevant in a rapidly urbanizing world, the definitions and derived policies must urgently address four important issues: Ecological crises ranging from climate change to biodiversity loss arise when self-interest outweighs the common good; for example, people aware of the catastrophic social costs of carbon emissions drive anyway because it is personally â¦, From competition among hunter-gatherers for wild game to imperialist wars over precious minerals, resource wars have been fought throughout history; today, however, the competition appears set to enter a newâand perhaps unprecedentedâphase. Their culture has been built with and by resilience through each person as an individual, with full awareness of the need for cooperation. A resilience approach therefore confronts modes of governance based on assumptions of predictability, controllability, and efficiency with a mode based on dynamics, non-linearity, and redundancy. Resilience and sustainabilityâwhat is the difference? 29 Box 1 The resilience concept is frequently applied to specific locations, and numerous attempts have been made to analyze the resilience of individual cities. Strategies for select risks discussed in the Returns on Resilience case study collection include the following: Hurricane and tropical storm: Installing impact-resistant glass can avoid exploding or imploding windows and doors during conditions of high winds and flying debris. ii RESILIENCE STRATEGIES ALONG THE RURALâURBAN TRANSECT THE MISSION OF THE URBAN LAND INSTITUTE is to provide leadership in the responsible use of land and in creating and sustaining thriving communities worldwide. Cities for a Resilient Recovery is a coalition of cities and resilience practitioners committed to taking leadership roles, embedding resilience in recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, and supporting each other through the recovery planning process. How are the two concepts of resilience and sustainability related? Urban resiliency strategies for the transportation and telecommunications sectors. Therefore, urban resilience may encompass many types of hazards, or city functions, or sectors. It will bring together work related to the physical, economic and socio-political strategies developed to enhance the resilience of urban areas against an array of disruptive challenges and events facing the contemporary city such as terrorist attack, riots, flooding⦠The restoration of the Berlin-Tempelhof Airport into an urban green space contributes to the resiliency of the larger Berlin metropolitan area. 0000001752 00000 n Strategies for Urban Resilience are essential to assess, prevent, prepare and respond to natural and human-made, sudden and slow-onset, expected and unexpected hazards with a systemic approach. However, if we go back to the definitions in Table 1, resilience clearly goes far beyond recovery from single disturbances, and rather represents a multidisciplinary concept that explores persistence, recovery, and the adaptive and transformative capacities of interlinked social and ecological systems and subsystems.11, At a first glance, building resilience seems counterintuitive to transitions, given the definition of transformability as the capacity to transform and become a different kind of system, to create a fundamentally new system when ecological, economic, or social structures make the existing system untenable. Urban sustainability and urban resilience are not the same, but they do complement each other where sustainability represent the normative goal for society and resilience a (non-normative) property of a system. The result is the development of strategies based on cooperation that risk being incongruent. Solution I: Resilience and sustainability complement each other where resilience is an important attribute of the system (non-normative) to meet the challenges of sustainable development (normative goal). Key to understanding the role of transformability in resilience is distinguishing between specified and general resilience, and to remember that systems have multiple scale levels.9,11 The contradiction is real when discussing specified resilience at a specific scale level. She joined UN-Habitat City Resilience Profiling Programme in 2013, based in Nairobi (Kenya), and, in 2015, she relocated to Barcelona (Spain). Problem IV. As â¦, Climate activists share a common aspiration: to live on a planet that can sustain future generations. BUILDING URBAN RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA vi from well-thought-out CCVA and climate change response strategies. Resilience Strategies for Communities at Risk THE MISSION OF THE URBAN LAND INSTITUTEis to provide leadership in the responsible use of land and in creating and sustaining thriving communities worldwide. This highlights the inherently political character of urban governance.13. Resilience analyses can help us understand some of the true costs of sustainability (i.e., the cost of investing in redundancy and the cost of engaging in global cross-scale interactions). Sustainability Manage resources in a way that guarantees welfare and promotes equity of current and future generations, Resilience The capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, and feedbacks, and therefore identity (i.e., capacity to change in order to maintain the same identity), General resilience The resilience of a system to all kinds of shocks, including novel ones, Specified resilience The resilience âof what, to whatâ; resilience of some particular part of a system, related to a particular control variable, to one or more identified kinds of shocks, Transformation The capacity to transform the stability landscape itself in order to become a different kind of system, to create a fundamentally new system when ecological, economic, or social structures make the existing system untenable, Solution II: Urban resilience analyses need to focus on cities as parts of nested, multiple-scale systems rather than discrete localities. Do they mean approximately the same thing, or are they distinctly different and can misunderstandings lead to undesired outcomes? 0000001240 00000 n redundancy, in governance and institutions at the local scale and at the global scale engaging in collaboration in systems of cities to create a framework that manages resource chains for sustainability through resilience. Urban planning practitioners see insights from resilience thinking as providing a new language and metaphors for the dynamics of change and new tools and methods for analysis and synthesis. However, resilience thinking and social-ecological theory alone can provide little guidance for prioritizing or addressing tradeoffs between different strategies. In governance, an increase in efficiency is often achieved through reduction of redundancy (degree of overlap among institutions and organizations). More groups than ever before are engaged in this â¦, Professor David Thomas is a renowned drylands scientist with a background in geomorphology and extensive field experience in arid and semi-arid regions. 110 0 obj <> endobj xref 110 14 0000000016 00000 n ), and infrastructure adoption of sustainable energy. They concluded that, by utilizing these technologies, the planning and response to disasters such as floods could be improved. Many of these lessons were drawn from pilot projects. ï®embed resilience in citiesâ processes, policies, and practices through creation of a citywide Resilience Strategy and hiring of a chief resilience officer, and ï®build resilience into and deliver prioritized projects through support from 100RC and its partners in implementation. Firebreak: Wildfire Resilience Strategies for Real Estate ii ULI is grateful to the Kresge Foundation for its support of this project and ULIâs Urban Resilience program. A relationship between Surat and Rotterdam emerged after attending the 100 Resilient Cities Network Exchange on Water hosted by Rotterdam in 2015 and conversations during the Global Urban Resilience Summit in 2017. 0000000576 00000 n Solution III: Strategies need to include an approach, which view multiple transformations on lower scales as necessary to maintain resilience on a larger scale. With the recent memories of natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes Sandy and Haiyan affecting large cities such as New York and several cities in the Philippines, and recent floods across densely populated places in Europe), there has been an enormous increased interest in the urban resilience concept. Projects should have socioeconomic (ideally short-term) benefits beyond just responding to climate risks (to satisfy the incentive structure imposed by short-term election cycles and garner easy However, these attempts are misleading, as the city scale often is too narrow, and since resilience is an attribute of a system not of a locality.1,8 Urban inhabitants are today reliant on resources and ecosystem servicesâeverything from food, water, and construction materials to waste assimilationâsecured from locations around the world.3 To become meaningful, urban resilience therefore has to address appropriate scales, which most often would be larger than an individual city. This paper uses the transect, a planning tool, to look at strategies to building community resilience and how they vary as one looks across the continuum from rural lands to urban core areas. April 2015. 7.3. Resilience Strategies The design was guided by a set of outcome-based goals developed jointly by Mithun and the building owners. Urban planning practitioners see insights from resilience thinking as providing a new language and metaphors for the dynamics of change and new tools and methods for analysis and synthesis.13 For example, it has often been pointed out that one of the basic tenets of resilience and systems thinking is that too strong an emphasis on efficiency (maximising outputs) can erode resilience through a deliberate reduction in redundancy, where the system may become brittle due to too few links among actors. Accordingly, resilience strategies have tended to be conceived of in terms of counter-terrorism, other disasters (earthquakes, wildfires, tsunamis, coastal flooding, solar flares, etc. (eds. More clarity is definitely needed here. We are entering a new urban era where the planet is increasingly influenced by human activities and where cities have become a central nexus of the relationship between people and nature, both as crucial centers of demand for ecosystem services, and as sources of environmental impacts.1,2 However, in the next two to three decades, we have unprecedented chances to vastly improve global sustainability through designing urban systems for increased resource efficiency, as well as through exploring how cities can be responsible stewards of biodiversity and ecosystem services, both within and beyond city boundaries.3 Two central concepts for achieving thisâurban sustainability and urban resilienceâhave, however, until now rarely been applied beyond city boundaries and have often been constrained to either single or narrowly defined issues (e.g., population, climate, energy, water).4,5,6 Although there is often an aim to optimize resource use in cities, increase efficiency, and minimize waste, cities can never become fully self-sufficient5. This is an emerging field where new, innovative means of planning that deal with urban complexity and sustaining urban ecosystem services are needed. Urban Resilience Strategy Development Urban Resilience is defined as âthe capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to survive, adapt, and grow no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experienceâ (100 Resilient Cities). 0000012540 00000 n Oâahu Resilience Strategy 2019 The 44 actions within directly address the challenge of long-term affordability and the impacts of a climate crisis that is already driving islanders from their homes. Also, from historical accounts, we learn that while there are some individual cities that have gone into precipitous decline or actually failed and disappeared (e.g., Mayan cities), our modern era experience is that contemporary individual cities are unlikely to collapse and disappear.1 Rather, they may enter a spiral of decline, becoming non-competitive and losing their position in regional, national, and even global systems of cities. A concrete example is the restoration of the Berlin-Tempelhof Airport into an urban green space of more than 300 hectares, resulting in a transformation of a brownfield into areas for rainwater management, enhancement of recreation, and biodiversity protection of importance for the larger Berlin Metropolitan area.12. The desirability of specified resilience (Table 1) in particular, depends on careful analysis of resilience âof what, to what, and for whomâ since many examples can be found of highly resilient systems (e.g., oppressive political systems) locked into an undesirable system configuration or state with high levels of environmental inequity7. Connecting cities, vertical integration and sustainable finance in National Adaptation Plans. Problem I. ULI is committed to n Bringing together leaders from across the fields of real estate and land use policy to exchange best practices and serve community needs; We need to move away from using a narrow analysis of resilience of urban locations and instead analyze the larger open urban system including the impact and dependence on distant ecosystems connected through multiple teleconnections (i.e. Arenât transitions about large-scale changes of a system, and resilience about maintaining what is? For example, numerous small scale transformations may be represented by urban planning targeting restoration of wetlands or forests, conservation of sand dunes, fresh water marshes, coral reefs, and mangroves throughout an urban landscape to provide cost-effective solutions to coastal protection instead of using conventional hard engineering solutions such as higher levees, sea walls, etc. He has authored over 80 peer-reviewed articles and many books on drylands. 0000001715 00000 n ULI is committed to The classic definition of sustainable development focuses on how to manage current resources in a way that guarantees the welfare of current and future generations, while resilience on the other hand addresses the capacity of a system to change in order to maintain the same identity (Table 1). By integrating the economic and social benefits of resilience into projects, policies, and programs, we enable communities to transform existing systems and increase impactful outcomes in the face of dynamic challenges. Helene is an urban resilience expert which an academic background in architecture and urban fields and further specialisation spanning from sustainable developement to resilience and disaster risk reduction. 0000001361 00000 n Coming out of its resilience strategy process, Surat prioritized water and wastewater management very highly. Reports Collection: Exploring Urban Resilience Pathways In this map you can find short non-academic resilience reports developed by our students on various cities, with the aim to provide a global overview of past and present urban resilience strategies, and how these differ from place to place. The United Nationsâ current proposals for Sustainable Development Goals includes proposed goal 11, on Cities and Urbanization, which states: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainableâ. Planning for resilience empowers diverse stakeholders to evaluate plans, set strategic policies, and implement projects that will enable communities to adapt and thrive when faced with challenges. It is anticipated that the lessons learnt from studying the city of Chennai will help other coastal cities develop resilience against floods. A narrow focus on a single city is often counterproductive and may even be destructive, since building resilience in one city often may erode it somewhere else with multiple negative effects across the globe. Governing urban resilience: Organisational structures and coordination strategies in 20 North American city governments Mary Fastiggi, Sara Meerow, and Thaddeus R Miller Urban Studies 0 10.1177/0042098020907277 Here I try to contribute to more clarity around the concepts, discuss common problems with misinterpretations, and offer some solutions and reflect on difficulties that remain when applying these concepts in urban development. Mitigate and adapt to urban shocks and stresses. But when analyzing general resilience of a nested system, transformation at lower scale levels are often necessary to maintain resilience on a larger scale. As an alternative to resilience, resistance suggests social structures persist in the face of disasters or other threats (Chelleri, 2012). January 2015 The existing urban resilience literature typically treats resistance as either a conceptual alternative to resilience or as an important component of resilience. investing in redundancy in governance and institutions at the local scale. 0000004950 00000 n Springer Open [online]2013 doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-7088-1_33, 2013). Cities can adapt to climate change through resilience strategiesâfor example, by designing urban spaces, transportation systems, and buildings that increase their capacity to adapt to heatwaves and recover from hazards such as droughts and floods, while maintaining essential functions (box and table). 0000004409 00000 n h�b```��,l[@�� Y8f�*(( �jzK��%^tW����uQ��JR�;V�u��od5D��$J�ǦNa�����+*�t�ೇ�M�4�y�����n�,=:/cj�u$\{(#��e���z�+E(�Mʦ��'gB�r�D���ɢ⚋�f� Uw��$�GNW�S? Living in a constant storm has taught the Ivatans to face the storm. In light of urban dependence and impacts on distant populations and ecosystems, there is an apparent danger of applying too narrow an urban scale for these types of policies. For example, building resilience in one city may lead to erosion of resilience elsewhere. At the recent Advancing Climate Resilient Development Symposium hosted by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), development professionals from around the world spent a morning sharing lessons on urban resilience. Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities: A Global Assessment. Much of his â¦, Consider, for a moment, that lettuce leaf on your plate. Market and Non-market Solutions to Ecological Crises, Chinaâs Role in a World of Scarce Resources, A Common Agenda for Collective Climate Impact, More than Cattle in the Kalahari: The Complex Mosaic of Shifting Solutions Needed for Sustainable Land Management, Got Food? 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