There is also a large group of terms for describing the surface texture and appearance (e.g. Terms of use - Privacy policy - Disable cookies - External links policy, Without chlorophyll, a green pigment, and therefore unable to photosynthesise, Radially symmetrical or having more than one plane of symmetry, Roots and buds that appear on a stem in abnormal places, Fertilisation by pollen from a flower of the same species, Species in geographical areas that do not overlap, Leaves occurring singly on opposite sides of a stem, rather than in pairs, A male reproductive organ of a flower that bears pollen, Seed reproduction from unfertilised egg cells, The angle between a stem and a branch or a leaf, Cross between a hybrid and one of its parents, Located at the base of an organ, for example a leaf at the base of a stem, Leaf-like structure often found beneath a flower, Secondary bract at the base of secondary branches of the flower stalk, Food storage organ formed by a cluster of fleshy leaf bases, A small bulb sometimes located in the axil of a leaf or bract, Usually refers to limstone rock or chalky soil with a high calcium content, The outer whorl of a flower, which is made up of its set of sepals, The female seed-producing unit in a flower, consisting of an ovary connected by a style to a stigma, Green pigment important in photosynthesis, Modified stem that resembles a leaf (for example in Butcher's Broom), Self-pollinating flowers with petals and sepals that never open, Petal-like flaps, often elongated to form a crown-like tube (as for example in a daffodil), Structures with minute scalloped or round-toothed margins, Pollination of one flower by pollen from another, usually from a different plant, Cluster of flowers with lateral branches each ending in a flower, Sheds leaves or other organs in one limited period during every year (unlike evergreens whose leaves are not all shed at the same time), Normal state for plant cells - containing two matching sets of chromosomes, A flower in the centre of a flower-head whose petals form a tube, Fleshy fruit containing seeds surrounded by a toughened coat (as in plums, peaches etc), One of a group of connected drupes (as in blackberries etc), Association with fungi where the fungus forms a layer on the outside of the roots of a plant, Association with fungi where the fungus penetrates the root of a plant, Second ring of sepal-like organs immediately below the true sepals (calyx), Outer portion of the lip in those orchid genera where the lip is divided into two parts, A plant that grows on the surface of another but without taking nutrients from it, Refers to a non-native plant that is cultivated and then becomes established in the wild, Where a habitat becomes over-enriched with nutrients. For example, the ornamental flower in the above photo belongs to the genus Cistus in the rock-rose family (Cistaceae). Early dog violet Viola reichenbachiana with several flowers showing Zygomorphic symmetry, Dog rose Rosa canis showing Actinomorphic symmetry. ... About Flower Glossary. And a lot of the terms are synonyms, just different preferred terms used by different botanists. Different sources have different opinions on what species show a rotate form. The clearest example of a ligulate flower form is the daisy. Think of a dead nettle or monkshood (the clue’s in the name!). (If you wish, you could replace the Intermediate category below with the term 'line flower,' which would indicate the flowers placed to frame a design shape.) A ligule is the strap-like petal found on the ray florets of the Compositae. The classification of angiosperm families is based on flower structure, including the number and arrangement of stamens, petals and sepals. Terms describing the overall shape of a leaf or leaflet; The last group is the largest. Natural History Illustration – for books, magazines & packaging. Yet another of these flower shapes that I’ve not illustrated. Your email address will not be published. It’s all about picking away at the language until it becomes totally clear that playing about with botany isn’t that hard at all, and can be fun for absolutely everybody. So a plant having a ligulate flower form is one that resembles a daisy. Thanks for sharing your enthusiasm, and for taking the time to comment. Required fields are marked *. This unique family has 5 sepals and 5 petals with numerous stamens. This is referred to as being Actinomorphic. degree of hairiness). hyphae, A hybrid where the 'parents' are from two different genera, Brought into an area by human or other means, Ring of crowded bracts encircling a flower head, Lower fused petals of a pea flower folded to form a hull-like structure, Loose rather than densely packed (usually applied to the flowers in an inflorescence), A petal that protrudes, forming a lobe. Many flowers have this form, although often they’re little white numbers that we might overlook. Now we’ve gone through each shape one by one, here they all all together on one sheet: My main references for this blog were The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms by Michael Hickey and Clive King, and Kew Plant Glossary by Henk Beentje. What a treat to be learning botany – if I could rewind I wonder if I might end up doing a botany instead of a zoology degree…. “Nearly all botanists give animal pollinators credit for the vast smorgasbord of flower shapes and sizes observed in nature.” However, as she point out, other environmental factors are also involved, as are a plant’s enemies and the costs of producing these amazing flowers. Galeate flowers are hooded, or helmeted. Ligulate flowers are actinomorphic. Campanulate means bell-shaped, or bell-like. https://lizzieharper.co.uk/2019/02/flower-shapes-terminology Unfortunately, it’s another species I’ve not illustrated! Examples include Poppies, Rock Roses (Helianthemum), Potentilla, Buttercups (Ranunculus spp.) The most obvious examples of funnelform flowers are the Convulvulus, like the morning glory below. For more on flower symetry, check out the blog from Orbis Environment. Salverform diagram. Flower Foliage Glossary. recurved (flower shape) – petals curved backward toward the base. Although they have a longer corolla tube or throat, they’re still radially symmetrical. I’m going to admit to a background level of confusion here. I can’t think of many flowers that do take on this form, except for the masses of variety of Narcissus and our spring daffs. Bilabiate flowers have two lips. Different botanists use different terms. Biological terminology: Definitions (17) Botanical Illustration step by step (41) Rotate flowers are very common. The first thing to consider is the axis of symmetry. The sepals are as brightly coloured as the petals, and are often indistinguishable. the Bedstraw family all have little white Cruciform flowers. Unfortunately, the only example I could find was the Nemathus. Tomato flowers are rotate. The shape or structure of a daylily flower.The AHS officially recognizes the following forms for registration and exhibition purposes: single, double, spider, unusual form, and polymerous flowers. Feel free to use this list to expand your vocabulary and be more descriptive! Perhaps it relates to petal number? This is called a galea. Alas, it;s another plant I haven’t yet illustrated. genera), Superficial organ that secretes oils or other substances, A plant relying partly on the nutrients abstracted from other plants, A plant that dies down to ground level at the end of the growing season, Plant originating from cross pollination between two different species, Population of plants where the barriers between two species have broken down leading to hybrids and back crosses interbreeding. The petals curve upwards, forming the bowl shape. First up is Cyanthiform. Another self-explanatory term. Download 3,734 flower shapes free vectors. The uppermost petal is the largest of the five and is referred to as the standard, or the banner. 2). Does the flower have bilateral symmetry? Outer ray-like petals are the order of the day. Saccate flowers are zygomorphic, or bilaterally symmetrical. The example is Parochetus communis. The irregular (zygomorphic) flower is composed of five petals, including one banner petal or standard, two lateral wing petals, and two … Their petals don’t splay out at the top of the tube. I’ve done my best to try and untangle some of these contradictions, but please do get in touch in the comments section if you spot glaring errors! Fabulous LIzzie – very informative and easy to understand! Distinguish flowers by their shapes. The distinctive bulge is always on the lower side of the flower. Again thank you. Your email address will not be published. (Pea-shaped) The flower shape typical of members of the Papilionaceae, having a large upper petal called the standard, two large side petals called wings, and two lower petals, often fused together, called the keel, which encloses the stamens and stigma. It’s a little like the idea of cutting a cake into two equal parts. From the cool mountain regions of the Andes, alstroemeria, also known as the lily of the Incas, is a beautiful flower with striped petals. These are often fused at their bases. Types of Compound Leaves (note position of axillary buds where the leaf stalk meets the stem) leaf terminology continued The Shape of Things. BRACT a modified leaf that bears a flower. They’re zygomorphic as they show bilateral symmetry. Here’s how we go about naming some of them…. We’re back onto safer ground with a papilionaceous flower form. Native American Symbolism: Chicory is a wild-flower that was not originally native to North America– it was brought over from Europe, probably in the 1700’s or late 1600’s. I am studying Botany for the first time and your illustrations have confirmed the absolute delight of the Botanical world. The main thing to bear in mind, as your head spins with the variety of flower shapes, is what it’s all for. This glossary explains botanical and related terminology that you may come across in wildflower books and in plant science papers. Thanks for the comment! Flower Definitions Papilionaceous: Characteristic flower of the subfamily Papilionoideae within the legume family (Fabaceae). A maximum of 8 petals arranged in a single row. If you cut it in half would both sides be mirror images? However, their distinctive characteristic is that the petals aren’t fused together, or if fused it’s a very short tube. So what causes this variety? These are attached to the receptacle. It’s another easy one to explain. In this case, I’m using the California poppy. The following is a defined list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the … An arrangement of flowers on a stem or axis, it may comprise a cluster of flowers or a single flower. With the first, the overall flower shape is rounded and symmetrical. BROADLEAF a tree with leaves that are flat … I’m erring on the side of caution, and leaving the tomato as our sample flower. It is not a case of 'one size fits all', so plant a wide range of flowers in your garden. They’re actinomorphic. A papilionaceaous flower is easy to spot. In any case, Crateriform flowers are bowl shaped, rather like a saucer. This happens frequently with rivers or ponds as a result of run-off from farming and is often the cause of native species becoming stifled or destroyed, One of the three outer petals of the iris that droop downwards, Classification unit grouping closely related genera, Marshes and wetlands sited on alkaline, neutral or only very slightly acid soil, often but not always beside lakes, One of the small flowers contained in a flower-head, Habitat with low-growing shrubs with wide gaps in between them. Hand-tied: A dense gathering of "just-picked" blooms tied together with wire or floral tape and finished with ribbon. All the vetches and the pea family show this flowering shape. Nosegay: A small, … A Cyanthiform flower is shaped like a cup of a bowl. List of adjectives, synonyms, and related terms to describe flowers. You may not be surprised to hear I’ve not illustrated this species. Cylindrical, globular or spheroidal, egg-shaped or ovoid ; apple-shaped or pomiform, pear-shaped or pyriform ; cubical, hexagonal, etc. If a flower is radially symmetrical, then you can cut it in half anywhere and the halves will be identical. This is known as Zygomorphic symmetry. There is an enormous amount of variation between definitions of flower shape. We’ve pulled together a list of 150+ flower and plant types, along with pictures of each one and details on the best way to plant them. Many of the definitions seem to be almost inter-changeable. Pl. Open, bowl-shaped flowers generally have a ring of copious pollen in the middle of the flower. Salverform flowers are shaped like a long tube, and have a flattened disc of petals at the top. Glossary of Botanical Terms. As Candace Galan states in the article “Why do Flowers vary? While some flowers, such as morning glories, have a shape like a bell, others such as coneflowers have a large center surrounded by many petals. Flowers and heraldry; or, Floral emblems and heraldic figures, combined to express pure sentiments, kind feelings, and excellent principles (1851) (6 F) G Gentiana in heraldry (1 C, 10 F) Coronate flowers are easy, it’s rather a relief. Could be a challenge! Terms describing flower anatomy Classical angiosperm phylogeny is based mainly on flower anatomy, and in particular, the arrangement and form of the principle parts. With stellate flowers such as lilies, the onion family, and tulips this is not so. Due to the large number of pictures on this flower foliage glossary, it may take a few minutes to load. Within those two types there are a variety of common shapes. Use the below list to find different terms pertaining to flowers. These are diversified. Labiate flowers have lips, or are lipped. BLADE the flat part of a leaf, or leaflet, characteristic of broadleaf trees. The flowers are zygomorphic (remember what that means from the October 2012 issue of The Plant Press ?). For example, some flowers start off as one shape and eventually turn into another. Find & Download Free Graphic Resources for Flower Shape. ?” Some flowers have sepals and petals which are so similar as to be almost identical. It can be useful to have an online dictionary of botanical terms to refer to, the Wikipedia dictionary of botanical terms is pretty exhaustive, and the Florabase glossary is a good resource. Found in orchids and in flowers of the Mint family, Confined to the coasts of western Ireland and Scotland, a sandy, lime-rich (usually as the result of crushed shells) habitat usually species-rich, An area of densely-packed shrubs up to five metres in height. Another easy one to end with. Recent Posts. Tubulate flowers are like little tubes. Choose from over a million free vectors, clipart graphics, vector art images, design templates, and illustrations created by artists worldwide! Like many of the other flower shapes, funnelform blooms are actinomorphic. The main distinction is the obvious hood over the top of the flower. You’ll find everything from common favorites like roses and tulips, to exotic plants and flowers.Find the flower names below, along with a brief description, a photo and some guidance for those of you who are interested in gardening. A good example of a campanulate flower is the harebell. Does it have a clear top and bottom, with two similar sides? Find high quality articles and pictures of flowers, plus information about rose colors, flower colors, flower names, online florists & more. A distinct design to each bloom for a one-of-a-kind display in the name different insects a wide variety of.... A few, explaining what the term means, just different preferred terms used by different botanists it!, I ’ ve not illustrated this species top of the leaf apex.. of, with similar. Growing in our gardens may be positioned irregularly on the side of caution, and mostly green:... 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