GOST 12.1.004 Occupational Safety Standards System FIRE SAFETY General requirements

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The fire safety of the object shall be provided by systems of fire prevention and fire protection, including technical-organizational measures.

Fire safety systems shall be characterized by the degree of fire protection for personnel and stocks of materials and capital equipment [hereinafter: wealth], by the economic criteria
of the efficiency of these systems in terms of wealth, taking into account all stages (scientific development, design, building, operation) of the object life cycle, and shall fulfil one of the
following tasks:
to eliminate outbreak of fire;
to provide people with fire safety;
to provide wealth with fire safety;
to provide people and wealth with fire safety simultaneously.

1.2. The objects shall have fire safety systems to protect people from the effect of dangerous fire factors, including their secondary effects, at the demanded standard.

The demanded standard of people fire prevention with aid of these systems shall be no less than 0.999999 of prevention of the dangerous factor effect in a year per person. The
allowable level of fire risk for people shall be no more than 10-6 of the fire danger factor effect that exceeds the maximum allowed values for every person in a year.

The method for determining the level of fire prevention for people is given in Appendix 2*.

1.3. Objects where a fire can provoke mass harm to people, places and surroundings with dangerous and harmful manufacturing factors (in accordance with GOST 12.0.003), and fire danger factors, including
their secondary effects, shall have fire safety systems preventing the minimum probability of fire outbreak. Specific values of minimum probability of fire outbreak shall be determined by the designers
and production engineers during certification of these objects in accordance with the established procedure.

A list of these objects shall be developed in the appropriate ministries (departments and so on) in accordance with the established procedure.
The method of defining the probability of fire outbreak (explosion) in the fire risk object is given in Appendix 3.

1.4. Objects that are categorized as fire risk objects according to the norms of technology design
for defining fire and explosion-proof categories of premises and buildings, shall have economically effective fire safety systems.
The method for cost efficiency evaluation of the fire safety systems is given in Appendix 4.

1.5. The dangerous factors that effect people and wealth are the following:
flame and sparks;
increased temperature of the environment;
toxic combustion and thermal decomposition products;
smoke;
low oxygen concentration.
The secondary effects of fire danger factors that effect people and wealth are the following:
debris, fragments of destroyed devices, units, plants and constructions;
radioactive and toxic substances and materials of destroyed devices and plants;
electric current, originating as a result of high voltage in conducting parts of constructions,
devices and units;
dangerous explosion factors according to GOST 12.1.010, that result from a fire;
fire extinguishing materials.

1.6. The objects shall be classified according to their fire and explosion risk, taking into account their fire risk permitted value (demanded standard of fire safety). Calculation of the criteria and indicators of
fire safety estimation, including probability of fire (explosion) shall be carried out taking into account the amount of combustible and hard combustible substances in the object, fire and explosion zones
resulting from emergency conditions, and possible damage to people and wealth.

1.7. The probability of fire origination in electrical or other single technological units or equipment during their developing and manufacturing shall not exceed the value of 10-6 a year. The value of permitted
probability of fire during use of the production in the objects shall be calculated, taking into account the requirements of clause 1.2 of this Standard. The method of defining the probability of fire outbreak in
(because of) the fire electric articles is given in Appendix 5.

1.8. The methods in the Standards and other specifications and technical documentation, designed to determine the fire risk indicators for building constructions, their coating and facing, substances,
materials and goods (including work-in-process) shall sufficiently simulate real fire conditions.

1.9.A list of requirements for efficiency of the parts of particular fire safety systems shall be established in specifications and technical documentation for the appropriate types of objects.
Examples of calculation of efficiency factors according to clauses 1.2, 1.3, 1.7 are given in Appendix 6.